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用語 Reference

Karate Terminology

A comprehensive guide to 86 essential Japanese terms used in Goju-Ryu Karate training. Understanding terminology is key to following instructions and deepening your practice.

Black Belt Ranks

The dan (段) ranking system is extensively utilized by Japanese, Okinawan, Korean, and various other martial arts organizations to indicate an individual's proficiency within a specific system. Originally employed as a ranking system to assess skill level in a particular discipline, it has its origins in a Go school during the Edo period.

初段Shodan
1st Dan
二段Nidan
2nd Dan
三段Sandan
3rd Dan
四段Yondan
4th Dan
五段Godan
5th Dan
六段Rokudan
6th Dan
七段Nanadan
7th Dan
八段Hachidan
8th Dan
九段Kudan
9th Dan
十段Jūdan
10th Dan

Counting

In Goju-Ryu Karate, counting during practice uses traditional Japanese numbers. These numbers are often used during repetitions of exercises, strikes, or techniques in training.

いちIchi
One
Ni
Two
さんSan
Three
Shi
Four
Go
Five
ろくRoku
Six
しちShichi
Seven
はちHachi
Eight
Ku
Nine
じゅう
Ten

General Terms

These terms are important for understanding the culture, training structure, and techniques in Goju-Ryu karate.

上段Jōdan
Upper Area (Face)
中段Chūdan
Middle Area (Chest)
下段Gedan
Lower Area (Stomach)
構えKamae
Combative Posture
はじめHajime
Begin
正坐Seiza
Sit Down
用意Yoi
Ready
上げAge
Stand Up
Hidari
Left
止めYame
Stop
Migi
Right
決めKime
Focus
Han
Half
Rei
Bow
立ち

Stances

In Goju-Ryu Karate, stances, or Dachi, form the foundation of strong techniques and balance. These stances focus on rootedness and fluid transitions.

立ちDachi
Stance
三戦立ちSanchin Dachi
Hourglass Stance, Small Stance
閉足立ちHeisoku Dachi
Closed Foot Stance
前屈立ちZenkutsu Dachi
Front, Stretched Stance
結び立ちMusubi Dachi
Heels Together, Feet Apart Stance
四股立ちShiko Dachi
Straddle Leg Stance
平行立ちHeiko Dachi
Feet Shoulder-Width Apart Stance
猫足立ちNekoashi Dachi
Cat Stance
八字立ちHachiji Dachi
Natural Stance, Feet Slightly Apart
受け技

Blocks

In Goju-Ryu Karate, blocking techniques, known as Uke Waza, are fundamental for defense. These blocks are performed with precise timing and body movement to effectively neutralize attacks.

受けUke
Block
小受けKo Uke
Wrist Block
上げ受けAge Uke
Rising Block
回し受けMawashi Uke
Roundhouse Block
中段受けChudan Uke
Chest Block
外受けSoto Uke
Outside Chest Block
下段払いGedan Barai
Stomach Block
下段回し受けGedan Mawashi Uke
Lower Roundhouse Block
引き受けHiki Uke
Open Hand Chest Block
諸手受けMorote Uke
Double Block (Chest and Stomach)
突き技

Punches

In Goju-Ryu Karate, punches, or Tsuki Waza, are key techniques that focus on power, precision, and proper body mechanics. These punches are executed with strong focus on form, breathing, and body alignment.

突きZuki
Punch
逆突きGyaku Zuki
Reverse Punch
直突きChoku Zuki
Straight Punch
追い突きOi Zuki
Lunge Punch
裏突きUra Zuki
Short Punch
刻み突きKizama Zuki
Jab
二本突きNihon Zuki
Double Punch
諸手突きMorote Zuki
Double Punch (Thrust of Both Hands)
三本突きSanbon Zuki
Triple Punch
当て身技

Strikes

In Goju-Ryu Karate, strikes, or Atemi Waza, focus on delivering powerful and precise blows using various parts of the body. Goju-Ryu emphasizes close-range combat with controlled and powerful strikes, often using open-hand techniques for versatility.

打ちUchi
Strike
貫手Nukite
Spear-Hand Thrust
猿臂打ちEmpi Uchi
Elbow Strike
鉄槌打ちTetsui Uchi
Hammer Fist Strike
裏拳打ちUraken Uchi
Back Fist Strike
掌底打ちShotei Uchi
Palm Heel Strike
手刀打ちShuto Uchi
Knife-Hand Strike
蹴り技

Kicking

In Goju-Ryu Karate, kicking techniques, or Geri Waza, are essential and focus on both power and precision. Goju-Ryu emphasizes controlled, close-range kicks with a focus on maintaining balance and fluidity.

蹴りGeri
Kick
関節蹴りKansetsu Geri
Stamping Kick
前蹴りMae Geri
Front Kick
膝蹴りHiza Geri
Knee Kick
回し蹴りMawashi Geri
Roundhouse Kick
足払いAshibarai
Foot Sweep
横蹴り蹴込みYoko Geri Kekomi
Side Thrust Kick
前飛び蹴りMae Tobi Geri
Jumping Front Kick
後ろ蹴りUshiro Geri
Back Kick
組手

Practice Fighting

In Goju-Ryu Karate, practice fighting (kumite) integrates both soft and hard techniques, aligning with the style's focus on balance between flexibility and power.

組手Kumite
Sparring (During a Tournament)
乱取りRandori
Slow Continuous Sparring (Emphasising Technique)
基本一本Kihon Ippon
One Step Sparring
自由組手Jiyu Kumite
Hard and Fast Controlled Freestyle Fighting
補助運動

Supplementary Exercises

Hojo Undo refers to supplementary training exercises in traditional karate, particularly in Goju-Ryu. These exercises use specialized tools to condition the body and develop strength, endurance, and technique, focusing on functional fitness for martial arts.

鎚子Chishi
Concrete or Stone Weight on a Wooden Handle
巻藁Makiwara
Striking Post with Rubber Padding
握り瓶Nigiri Game
Gripping Jars
金剛圏Kongoken
Heavy Rectangular Hoop

Tip: Bookmark this page for quick reference during your training journey. Consistent practice of terminology will enhance your understanding and connection to the art.

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